Electrification in Côte d’Ivoire: Progress, Challenges, and a Solar-Powered Future

Côte d’Ivoire has made significant strides in expanding electricity access, achieving an impressive electrification rate of over 70% in 2021.

However, the country’s reliance on thermal power generation, coupled with a growing population and insufficient gas supply, has led to recent disruptions and outages, underscoring the need for urgent action and diversified energy sources.

Current State of Electricity Access

Côte d’Ivoire’s electrification rate of over 70% is a notable achievement, surpassing many other West African nations. This progress is largely attributed to substantial investments in electricity infrastructure over the past decade. However, the country’s energy landscape remains complex, with challenges stemming from its reliance on thermal power generation, which is vulnerable to fluctuations in gas supply.

Challenges and Outages

The country’s growing population and increasing demand for electricity have put a strain on the existing infrastructure. Additionally, an inadequate gas supply has led to recent disruptions and outages, affecting 21% of the country’s total production capacity in April 2024. These challenges highlight the urgent need for a more reliable and diverse energy mix.

Investment in the Electricity Sector

To address these issues, the government has announced a massive investment of over $8 billion in the electricity sector by 2030. This investment will focus on expanding gas infrastructure, including the exploitation of domestic gas fields, construction of gas pipelines, and development of import/export facilities. This strategic move aims to enhance energy security and reduce reliance on external gas sources.

The Rise of Solar Power

Côte d’Ivoire is not only investing in fossil fuels but also actively exploring renewable energy sources. The Boundiali solar power plant, the country’s first grid-connected solar facility, represents a significant step towards a cleaner energy future. Located in the sun-drenched north, the plant harnesses the region’s abundant solar resources to generate electricity for hundreds of thousands of households, reducing carbon emissions and contributing to the country’s renewable energy goals.

Private Investment and International Collaboration

While public funding has been instrumental in developing projects like the Boundiali solar plant, the country recognizes the need for increased private investment to accelerate its transition to renewable energy. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has called for greater private sector participation in financing renewable energy projects in sub-Saharan Africa.

Côte d’Ivoire’s energy strategy involves a balanced approach, combining investments in both fossil fuels and renewables. While new discoveries of oil and gas deposits offer potential solutions to meet immediate energy needs, the government remains committed to increasing the share of renewable energy in its energy mix to 45% by 2030.

Local Impact and Job Creation

The development of renewable energy projects like the Boundiali solar plant has a positive impact on local communities, creating jobs and fostering economic growth. The plant has already employed over 350 people, providing valuable skills and opportunities in the region.

Côte d’Ivoire’s electricity access landscape is evolving rapidly. While the country has made significant progress in expanding access to electricity, challenges remain. However, with substantial investments in the energy sector, a focus on diversifying energy sources, and a commitment to both fossil fuels and renewables, Côte d’Ivoire is on a path towards a more sustainable and reliable energy future. The country’s efforts serve as a model for other African nations seeking to balance energy security with environmental sustainability.