Concrete is essential for modern infrastructure, but its production significantly contributes to global carbon emissions. Researchers are now developing innovative smart concrete technologies to make this ubiquitous material more sustainable, durable, and multifunctional.
Self-Sensing Concrete for Early Crack Detection
At the University of New South Wales, Associate Professor Wengui Li leads the development of self-sensing concrete. This innovative concrete embeds conductive sensors that can detect microscopic cracks before they escalate.
“Early detection and action on cracks in structures is crucial,” Li emphasizes, “as delayed action can lead to demolition.” This technology could prevent catastrophic failures like the 2018 Opal Tower incident, where residents were evacuated due to structural concrete cracks.
Self-Healing Concrete for Increased Durability
Li’s team has also created a self-healing concrete by adding a crystalline mixture. This mixture heals hairline cracks upon exposure to moisture, potentially extending the lifespan of reinforced concrete structures to over a century. Li envisions this technology improving the durability and longevity of concrete structures.
Sustainable Cement Alternatives and Multifunctional Concrete
Researchers are also exploring cement-free alternatives like geopolymer concrete, replacing carbon-intensive clinker with industrial byproducts. Li’s group has developed geopolymer concrete with over 80% recycled glass powder, diverting waste from landfills.
Further innovations include photocatalytic concrete, which uses titanium dioxide and light to break down air pollutants into harmless salts. In the U.S., engineers have developed a concrete supercapacitor that can store energy, paving the way for energy-storing foundations for homes.
The Future of Smart Concrete
Li predicts that the next wave of research will focus on multifunctional concrete. “Soon, more and more innovations will move from labs to commercial applications,” he states. As the world addresses the climate crisis, these smart concrete solutions offer a promising path toward sustainable and resilient construction.